BTT10+-+Spreadsheets

** Spreadsheets are, according to //webopedia// :**
// A table of values arranged in rows and columns. Each value can have a predefined relationship to the other values. If you change one value, therefore, you may need to change other values as well //.

Spreadsheets allow us to work with large quantities of numbers and perform numerous calculations using many different mathematical formulas and functions. We can also create great looking graphs! Although financial professions, such as accountants, have been linked with the use of spreadsheets, there are many other uses.

The first spreadsheet application was created in 1978. It was called Visicalc. A brief history of spreadsheet programs can be read [|here].

The most popular spreadsheet program is Microsoft Excel. Alternatives include Calc from the Open Office suite and the increasingly popular Google Sheets, which is available entirely online.


 * Watch the video below on Excel. **
 * **Video**


 * Watch the video below to gain a better understanding of Spreadsheets and their main functions. **

= Activity #1: Introduction and tutorial =

Spreadsheet programs allow you do numerous calculations and operations in a unique environment. Data and text are organized in a column and row format. Notice from the screen shot below (MS Excel) that the window looks like any other Window's-based program.

Source: AskIT, © 2001 The University of Queensland

The parts that look different include the formula bar (called the name box), rows and columns, and the "sheet" tabs on the bottom. There are also some icons on the toolbars you may be unfamiliar with. The intersection of a row and column is called a cell. The first cell is A1. Formulas can be entered in any cell but must relate to a range of cells. For example, if you put the number 5 in A1 and 7 in A2, you can put a formula in A3 to add the two. The formula can be A1+A2. The result will be 12. Not impressed? Imagine dealing with a column of 50 or more numbers. But a formula with A1+A2+A3 ... would be unruly. To simplify, Excel has formulas. An example is the sum formula: sum(A1:A50), where A1 is the first cell in the range and A50 the last. After creating the formula you can also change a value in the range and have the total recalculated automatically. Neat!

To get us into spreadsheets quickly, watch [|this video] and duplicate the steps followingTake your time. Racing through a tutorial only creates frustration later. Once you have finished reading through the tutorial, answer the questions below in a word document. Going further: Try this site for many useful "how to" tutorial [|videos]

If you are using Open Office or WordPerfect or a Mac software program, use this time to find a suitable tutorial to get familiar with your program. [|Open Office Calc Tutorial]

__Tutorial Activity__ 1. When should you use Excel instead of Word, and vice versa? 2. What is a selection of multiple cells referred to as? 3. How do you insert a row or a column? 4. How do you delete an entire row or column? 5. How can you change the size or a row or column to fit the information contained in it? 6. List 2 things you should NOT do when deleting data. 7. How should numbers be formatted? 8. What sign must formulas always begin with? 9. How do you perform a “quick-sum”? 10. List 2 useful tips for printing in Excel.

Save as introduction .

= Activity #2: Excel Tips - copy and paste =

Create a table of tips for use in your spreadsheet activities. Place a formula or tip in the left hand column that relates accurately to the contents in the column to the right. The first one is done for you. Create this table in your word-processing program and save as spreadsheet tips.

Choose a formula of your own and describe its purpose and how it works. You can only manipulate numbers. Don't type, for example, a dollar sign in front of a number. Excel will think it's a word. Remember BEDMAS in formulas.
 * ** Formula ** || ** Function ** ||
 * =SUM(E1:E9) || Adds the values in columns E1 to E9 ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Subtract the value in E8 from E9 ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Multiplies G3 by F2 ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Divides K3 by C4 ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Finds the average value in this range ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Finds the lowest value in this range ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Finds the largest value in this range ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Reports the quantity of entries in this range ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Show the word "profit" if the value is zero or higher, otherwise shows the word "Loss" ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Show formula view ||

= Activity #3: Practice with Formulas =

Open this [|sample spreadsheet] or this [|sample spreadsheet]spreadsheet. Take a look around! Notice the different formulas that would be needed as you click into the various cells containing totals. They weren't all created individually. The first formula in a cell gets created. Subsequent totals can be "filled." To do this drag the first cell with a formula by its lower right corner over the necessary range. Text automatically gets left justified. You can change that to improve appearance. Numbers are automatically right justified. Notice the Countif formula and the parameter in the brackets. This allowed the zeros to be ignored.

Now it's your turn. Create a simple spreadsheet with all of the formulas included in activity two related to a topic of your choice (i.e. Make up a team). Go ahead and create a unique graph as well (It can be a circle graph, or whatever). It's important to not include totals in your graphed data as you'll be double counting data. Continue with including a header. Put Activity #3 on the left and your name on the right.

Save as practiceSS and submit to Edmodo

= Activity #4: Using Google Forms: Survey Time = Why do companies need to survey their customers? Let's discuss. You will now imagine a company you will own and create a survey to determine your customer preferences. Try to have a few questions that record the preference of something. Send the survey out to 7 more students. Calculate totals, average, minimum and maximum per item. You will now get a sense of this assignment by observing the following example.


 * EXAMPLE:** Use class information to fill out survey.


 * Instructions:**
 * **Come up with a company**
 * **Create a Goolge Form to survey customers on your product (Max 5 questions - at least three should quantitative)**
 * **Send completed form out to 7 colleagues to have them respond**
 * **Using their responses, create a graph of the data within the Google spreadsheet**
 * **Add in the totals, average, minimum and maximum of the user responses.**
 * **Export your spreadsheet into Excel.**
 * **Submit the following two parts to Edmodo:**
 * **Link to spreadhseet (Make sure you have allowed me editing privileges)**
 * **Excel file (*.xlsx file)**

= Activity #5: Weights and Measures = Fill out this Class Survey

For this activity, you're going to need some statistics about your classmates. [|This spreadsheet] will require you to add in columns that involve formulas for metric conversions. You will have to convert weight and height from imperial (American) to metric.


 * Start with this:**
 * 1. Determine the average of all entries as well as the max and min values.**

Use column A- Leave alone
 * 2.** Column B should have each student's height in inches (e.g 5'6" is 66 inches since 12 inches make a foot). Create a new column C which will convert those heights in inches to centimeters (e.g. use a formula like =b2*###, where ### is the conversion factor).


 * 3.** In column D (weight in pounds). Create a new column E - convert the pounds (Column D) to grams or kilograms, your choice or do both. Remember to create just one formula and then fill down.


 * 4.** Enhance your spreadsheet by adding another item to convert using a mathematical calculation.


 * 5. (Level 4 Potential): Here's the challenge**: Determining the **average percent error** in the student estimates compared to the actual value (364,479 Km) for the distance to the moon.


 * 6.** Create some type of graph with a suitable title

Save as metric and submit to Edmodo.

= Activity #6: Math Calculations =

Title and save your spreadsheet as Math Calculations.

Insert a graphic of a right angle triangle.

Part 1 – Calculating the Hypotenuse of a right angled triangle: a. Two cells where you enter the lengths of the 2 sides of the triangle b. Insert a formula to calculate the hypotenuse in a third cell

Part 2 – Calculating the slope of a line a. Insert a graphic of a linear equation b. Have someone enter 2 points on a line c. Insert a formula to calculate the slope of a line

Part 3 – Calculate increase in your allowance a. Have someone enter their weekly allowance b. Insert a formula which increases their weekly allowance by 1% per week.

= Activity #7: Calendar Creation =

Open a blank spreadsheet.

Type Jan in cell A1.

Fill the 12 months across the first row but do not key them in separately (hint try to "drag" a corner of A1 or use a "fill" command).

Enter 1 in cell A2, 2 in A3, 3 in A4.

Complete the days of the month down the column to 31; again find the easiest way to do without keying in all the days.

Fill across to create the 12 months in one move.

Remove the days in the shortened months (e.g., February has 28, April 30, etc.)

Insert "comments" in some days such as your birthday, last day of school, etc.

Determine how to format the comments windows. For example, can you put a picture in the background or change the background colour of the comment window?

Use Print Preview to see if the text fits on one page. If not, change the margins, page orientation, or column width to make it fit. Can you print it with the comments showing?

Save in your folder as calendar.

= Activity #8: Self-checking Spreadsheet =

This is your chance to have other students in the class test their knowledge. Create, using the IF function, a spreadsheet containing 10 questions. Each question should have a positive response if the answer is correct and negative if incorrect. Make the questions difficult but not impossible. For example, the last year the Leafs won the Stanley Cup (answer is 1967) is reasonable. Asking about Arkansas's official bird is not! Try several different subjects or fields. Make sure the spreadsheet is graphically pleasing and easy to read. How does it work? Let's look at some examples:


 * [[image:btt1o1/ifscreenshot1.gif caption="if"]] ||
 * if ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In cell C1 the example above cell would show // Right // while C2 would show // Try Again .// Save your file as IF Test. Another tutorial on what else is possible with the IF function can be found [|here]

= = = Activity #9: Business Budget & Income Statement =

Let's suppose we run our own business, computer tutoring for the computer-illiterate. We'll need to forecast our income (or loss). Included is Revenue, the dollar amounts we earn from the sale of our services, and Expenses, the dollar amounts paid for costs relating to our business. We will estimate some opening figures and make assumptions about our first six months in business. Copy the following into a spreadsheet. Use the assumptions to carry forward formulas for the six months:


 * || Jan || Feb || Mar || Apr || May || Jun ||
 * Revenue: || 300 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Expenses: ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Advertising || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 40 ||
 * Office Supplies || 40 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Transportation || 50 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wages || 90 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Parts || 100 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Parts || 100 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

To complete the spreadsheet, we will assume the following:
 * Revenue will increase **5%** per month after January.
 * Advertising is relatively stable except for June when you want to gear up for the summer.
 * Office Supplies are purchased at a rate of **25%** of the opening figure per month.
 * Transportation relates largely to the price of gas (using Mom's car), but economists predict a **2%** increase per month.
 * Wages and Parts will increase at the same rate revenue does; if more business is created, more wages are paid and parts used (refer to the same cell as you do for revenue).

You'll need to create a total row for expenses and a net income row below that. Accountants use a single line (see the icon) for addition of numbers and a double underline for a major total, like net income. The formula for net income is Revenue minus Expenses. You will also have to create a total column for the six months (put after June).

While the spreadsheet can be very revealing, it is not a formal document used to provide information to interested bodies, such as the government. Insert a second worksheet in your workbook and rename it Income Statement. The format of an income statement is as follows:


 * ~  ||~ My Company ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ Income Statement ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ Three Months ended March 31, 2008 ||~   ||
 * Revenue ||  ||> $275000 ||
 * Expenses ||  ||>   ||
 * < Commissions ||> $50000 ||>  ||
 * Purchases ||> 90000 ||>  ||
 * Depreciation ||> 80000 ||>  ||
 * Supplies ||> 11600 ||>  ||
 * Miscellaneous ||> __7850__ ||> $__234450__ ||
 * Net Income ||  ||> $__40550__ ||
 * Miscellaneous ||> __7850__ ||> $__234450__ ||
 * Net Income ||  ||> $__40550__ ||

Notice the style of the statement. The dollar signs occur at the top of any column and below any line. You don't simply type in your final numbers. Go ahead and copy the accounts over to your income statement. But for the numbers on your income statement copy from the first worksheet by refencing the original cells in the formula bar (ie. =Sheet1!H2). Why did we do this? Don't know? Go to your first sheet and change the assumption about revenue from 5% to 10%. Now go back to your income statement. If done properly, your change should be reflected in the income statement. Busy people don't have the time to reenter all the figures and why should they?

Insert a third worksheet and create 3 graphs based on your income statement. One should plot total revenue, expenses and net income, one could compare total revenue and expenses, and another could provide a breakdown of expenses. You could use one line graph, one column graph and one pie graph (you decide which graph best suits each set of data!), but feel free to be creative with both your choices of data and graphs. Save the whole workbook as Income.

= Major Assignment: Activity #10: Markbook Creation =

You __must__ use Microsoft Excel for this Activity
All of these activities mean teachers need a better markbook. Yup, it's your turn to create one to help us out. We'll leave out the final assessment for now. Use five worksheets. One each for Knowledge, Thinking\Inquiry, Communication and Application. On each worksheet create a heading, at least five assignments, projects or tests, each with their own denominator ("out of" row or column) and add ten of your fellow students (let them all pass, please!). On the fifth worksheet show the final mark and a summary of each category and it's portion of the final mark. The breakdown should be 50% for Knowledge, 10% each for Thinking\Inquiry and Communication and 30% for Application.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">

Below is the same spreadsheet with formulas to determine total and percentage for the knowledge category:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">

You will notice in the screenshot above the absolute reference to the total In cell $E$3 (45). The fifth worksheet will include the last (%) column from each of the other four worksheets. You will need to create long formulas for the fifth worksheet to reflect the individual **weightings** of the categories. (e.g. since knowledge is worth 50% compared to 10% for Thinking/Inquiry it will affect the final grade more). The fifth worksheet should look something like this:


 * || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Knowledge ** || Thinking/Inquiry || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Communication ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Application ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Final Mark ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Student: ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">__50%__ ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">__10%__ ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">__10%__ ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">__30%__ ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">__100%__ ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Student A ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">62 ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">78 ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">81 ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">74 ** || **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">70 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono;">Student B ** || ** =Sheet1!F5 ** || ** =Sheet2!F5 ** || ** =Sheet3!F5 ** || ** =Sheet4!F5 ** ||  ||
 * ** etc. ** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

In this example we have shown the marks pasted for student A and the formula view for the same marks pasted for student B. When you create yours, you will see only see the marks if you have referenced the appropriate cells correctly.

The final marks formula (behind the 70 in the example above), which you only need to create once and then fill down, will look like this for student A: =B3*$B$2+C3*$C$2+D3*$D$3+E3*$E$3

Make sure you have links from the first four worksheets to complete the fifth (Final Mark) worksheet. You can save time by copying the student names from the first worksheet to the rest. Make each worksheet graphically pleasing with easy to read (professional looking) fonts, colours, and borders.

__**Below are the EXTRAS I would like to see added into the spredhseet for high achievers (Level 4):**__
 * Watch the following video on [|Data Validation] to learn how to use popups and warning messages. This is not the same as a comment. It will appear when someone clicks on the cell and it will create an error message (see below) to warn about invalid entries.
 * Add a popup that will detect when a student's name is being typed in for the first time with a suggestion as to the proper format ie. First Last
 * Add a warning message that will prevent people from typing numbers into cells that contain sensitive formulas.


 * **Next**, You will need to create a breakdown of the students who achieved a certain level (i.e R,1,2,3,4). For this, you will need to make use of the **countif** function in conjunction with an if statement:

Level R is anything below 50%: The following would be the formula: =IF(SUM(E3:E27)<>"",COUNTIF(E$2:E$27,"<50"),"") Level 1 is between 50 and below 60% Level 2 is between 60 and below 70% Level 3 is between 70 and below 80% Level 4 is between 80 and 100% It should look similar to this:
 * **Next,** explore how to use **conditional formatting (use Help Menus or Google).** Have students who have any failing grades entered register with a red background and a green background if they are achiving level 4 for any entries. Feel free to be creative with anything else too.
 * **Lastly**, include a bar graph that can be used to view the breakdown on the class grades based on levels.

Save as marks. Good luck.

= Activity #11: Investments - Skip =

When we copy formulas across a range of cells, each cell fills relative to the contents of the cell that immediately precedes it. It is also useful to allow all the cells in a range to be affected by a single value. To do this the formulas must refer to the original cell but have $ signs. For example, a normal formula may be =C4*B4. But if you want all the cells in row 4 to be multiplied by one specific value, say the one in B4, then your formula would look like this =C4*$B$4 and the next would be =D4*$B$4 and so on.

Let's put absolute referencing to work. Create a spreadsheet with the following values, beginning in cell B1. Your interest factor will be in A1. Make sure your spreadsheet includes every age from 19 to 65. Start with an interest factor of 10%. That's the value which we will use to affect the rest of the spreadsheet. Investor A invests $2000 every year for eight years. The total she invests receives interest at 10% per year. Assuming the first year-end value for Investor A is in cell C4, create a formula which includes he $2000 invested in B4 plus 10%. The basic formula for interest is I=PRT, where I is interest, P is the principle invested, R is the rate of interest percent and T is time (which is one year here). For the next year you'll need a slightly different formula. In C5 you'll need to include the year-end value above in C4 plus the new investment in B5 plus both those values earning the 10%. You'll need to refer to our rate in cell A1 and make that rate "absolute." Tough? Work on it! Once you have the formula in C5, you can fill it until the age of 65. Don't forget this investor stops investing after the age of 26.

Do it again for Investor B. The same formulas will work, but with different cells. The rate is the same, whatever we put in cell A1. Don't worry about the zeros as Investor B doesn't start investing until the age of 27 and then continues until the age of retirement, 65. At the end include simple formulas to show total amount invested and the net earnings, which is the final year-end value minus the total invested.

into this cell!) || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right;">10% ||||  ||||   ||
 * |||| <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Investor A |||| <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Investor B ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Age in Years || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Annual Investment || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Year End Value || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Annual Investment || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Year End Value ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2200 <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(don't type in the number!find the formula that will makethe value 2200) || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">20 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">4620 <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(this formula will be different to the previous one - don't simply fill
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">21 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">fill down from cell just above || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">24 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">25 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2200 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">28 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">4620 ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">29 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">fill down from cell just above ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">30 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">and so on ... || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 every year until 65 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">... || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">65 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">2000 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">? ||

Are the results surprising? This is called the Power of Compound Interest! The earlier you invest the more interest is earned on interest and the higher the value of the investment.

Some more tasks before you're done:

Try changing the interest rate to 5% and see what happens, i.e. when are they equal?

Create a graph which clearly shows the advantage of investing early (line graph showing ages 19-65 - remember the series)

Create an IF formula which states clearly the investor with the better returns, depending on your results.

Save as investing.